Because of their eco-friendliness and convenience, electric vehicles are loved by consumers and have gradually become an important daily means of transport. An electric vehicle has five main parts, known as its five key components. Let us take a look.

1. The heart of the electric vehicle: the battery

Most electric vehicles today use lead-acid batteries, because lead-acid batteries are low in cost and offer high value for money. In 1860, Plante of France invented a battery that uses lead as electrodes. The unique feature of this battery is that when its voltage drops after a period of use, a reverse current can be passed through it to bring the voltage back up. Because this battery can be recharged and used repeatedly, it is called a lead-acid battery.

2. The brain of the electric vehicle: the controller

The electric vehicle controller is the core device that controls the starting, running, forward and reverse motion, speed, and stopping of the motor, as well as the other electronic components of the vehicle. It acts like the brain of the electric vehicle and is an important part of it. At present, electric vehicles mainly include electric bicycles, electric two-wheel motorcycles, electric tricycles, electric three-wheel motorcycles, electric four-wheel vehicles, and electric scooters, and the controller also varies in performance and features depending on the vehicle type.

3. The stomach of the electric vehicle: the charger

The electric vehicle charger is a charging device designed specifically for the battery of an electric bicycle. Classification of chargers: divided by whether they use a mains-frequency (50 Hz) transformer, chargers fall into two categories. Freight tricycle chargers usually use a charger with a mains-frequency transformer; they are large, heavy, and power-hungry, but reliable and cheap. Electric bicycles and electric motorcycles use so-called switch-mode power supply chargers, which save energy and are efficient but break more easily.

4. The intestines of the electric vehicle: the converter

The main function of the electric vehicle converter is voltage conversion, supplying power to the lights, horn, and other parts, acting like the intestines of the vehicle.

5. The limbs of the electric vehicle: the motor

Depending on the usage environment and frequency, motors come in different forms, and each form has its own features. At present, electric vehicle motors generally use permanent-magnet DC motors. A permanent-magnet motor means the motor is excited by permanent magnets rather than by excitation coils, which saves the power that excitation coils would consume, improves the electromechanical conversion efficiency of the motor, and for an electric vehicle running on a limited onboard energy supply, this reduces the driving current and extends the driving range. Electric vehicle motors are divided into two categories by how they are powered: brushed motors and brushless motors; and by the mechanical structure of the motor assembly, they are generally divided into geared (the motor runs fast and needs gear reduction) and gearless (the motor torque output is not reduced at all).